A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities

Marquis de Laplace

Chapman & Hall | 1902 |

on-line: archive.org


Descrição: This classic introduces the concepts and uses of probability theory. It demonstrates, without the use of higher mathematics, the application of probability to games of chance, physics, reliability of witnesses, astronomy, insurance, democratic government, and many other areas. It also shows how scientists can express complex ideas in simple terms.

Games, Gods and Gambling: the Origins and History of Probability and Statistical Ideas From the Earliest Times to the Newtonian Era

F. N David

Hafner Publishing Company | 1962 | 275 páginas | rar - pdf | 7,57 Mb

on-line: dspace.ucalgary.ca


Descrição: The development of gambling techniques led to the beginning of modern statistics, and this absorbing history illustrates the science’s rise with vignettes from the lives of Galileo, Fermat, Pascal, and others. Fascinating allusions to the classics, archaeology, biography, poetry, and fiction endow this volume with universal appeal.

A concise history of mathematics

(2 vols)
Dirk J. Struik

Dover | 1948

Vol 1

online: archive.org

v. 1. The beginnings. The beginnings in western Europe

Vol 2

online:  archive.org

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A History Of The Mathematical Theory Of Probability

A history of the mathematical theory of probability: From The Time Of Pascal to that of Laplace
Todhunter

London : Macmillan | 1865 |

on-line: archive.org
gallica.bnf.fr
ia600305.us.archive.org

Kessinger Publishing, LLC | 2007 | 640 páginas | rar - djvu | 29 Mb

Descrição: A thorough and standard work in the field. Isaac Todhunter (1820-1884) gave a close and carefully reasoned account of the difficulties involved and the solutions offered by each investigator. His studies and use of source materials were thorough and fully documented. His reputation rests on the contribution he made to the history of mathematics.

Famous problems of elementary geometry : the duplication of the cube, the trisection of an angle, the quadrature of the circle

Felix Klein
Hard Press | 2007 | 92 páginas | DjVu

online: archive.org

mediafire.com (2,42 MB)
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Histoire des mathématiques

Tome 1
Walter William Rouse Ball

Librairie scientifique A. Hermann | 1906

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Tome 2
Walter William Rouse Ball

Librairie scientifique A. Hermann | 1907

imgbase-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr

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The Mathematics of Great Amateurs

Julian Lowell Coolidge

Dover | 1949
online : archive.org

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Oxford University Press | 1990 | 240 páginas

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This unique history surveys the mathematical contributions of numerous individuals noted mainly for their groundbreaking activities in other fields. It evaluates the discoveries of such luminaries as Plato, Leonardo da Vinci, Omar Khayyam, Jan de Witt, Denis Diderot, William George Horner, Antoine Arnauld, and many others, providing fascinating information on their lives and circumstances. The book also includes a valuable introductory essay by Professor Jeremy Gray, who comments on changes that have taken place in the study of history and mathematics since the initial publication of this classic work in 1949.

The Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata: An Ancient Indian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy

traduzido por Walter Eugene Clark

on-line: archive.org

Kessinger Publishing | 2006 | DjVu | 3 MB | 123 páginas

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Men of Mathematics / Los Grandes Matemáticos. Su Vida y sus Obras

Men of Mathematics
vol. 1
Eric Temple Bell

Penguin | 1953 | 340 páginas | DjVu | 6,38 MB

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Here is the classic, much-read introduction to the craft and history of mathematics by E.T. Bell, a leading figure in mathematics in America for half a century. Men of Mathematics accessibly explains the major mathematics, from the geometry of the Greeks through Newton's calculus and on to the laws of probability, symbolic logic, and the fourth dimension. In addition, the book goes beyond pure mathematics to present a series of engrossing biographies of the great mathematicians -- an extraordinary number of whom lived bizarre or unusual lives. Finally, Men of Mathematics is also a history of ideas, tracing the majestic development of mathematical thought from ancient times to the twentieth century. This enduring work's clear, often humorous way of dealing with complex ideas makes it an ideal book for the non-mathematician.


Men of Mathematics
vol. 2
Eric Temple Bell
1937 - archive.org

Penguin | 1953 | DjVu | 6,38 MB

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Los Grandes Matemáticos. Su Vida y sus Obras
E. T. Bell
(em castelhano)

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A history of elementary mathematics, with hints on methods of teaching

Florian Cajori

Macmillan & co., ltd | 1905

On-line: archive.org


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A history of mathematics

Florian Cajori

Macmillan & co., ltd. | 1919

On-line:
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gutenberg.org

thiqaruni.org (link direto)

PDF -1,4 Mb

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The history of mathematics is important as a valuable contribution to the history of civilization. Human progress is closely identified with scientific thought. Mathematical and physical researches are a reliable record of intellectual progress. The history of mathematics is one of the large windows through which the philosophic eye looks into past ages and traces the line of intellectual development.

Outros livros de Florian Cajori on-line em: archive.org

A History of Mathematical Notations

Florian Cajori

Dover Publications | 1993  | 820 páginas  | PDF | 34 Mb

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This classic study notes the first appearance of a mathematical symbol and its origin, the competition it encountered, its spread among writers in different countries, its rise to popularity, its eventual decline or ultimate survival. The author’s coverage of obsolete notations—and what we can learn from them—is as comprehensive as those which have survived and still enjoy favor. Originally published in 1929 in a two-volume edition, this monumental work is presented here in one volume.

A History Of Mathematical Notations
Vol I
Florian Cajori

The Open Court Publishing Company | 1928

on-line: archive.org
xa.yimg.com (link direto)

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A History of Mathematical Notations
Volume II
Florian Cajori

The Open Court Publishing Company | 1929

archive.org

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Described even today as "unsurpassed," this history of mathematical notation stretching back to the Babylonians and Egyptians is one of the most comprehensive written. In two impressive volumes--first published in 1928-9--distinguished mathematician Florian Cajori shows the origin, evolution, and dissemination of each symbol and the competition it faced in its rise to popularity or fall into obscurity.

Illustrated with more than a hundred diagrams and figures, this "mirror of past and present conditions in mathematics" will give students and historians a whole new appreciation for "1 + 1 = 2."

Swiss-American author, educator, and mathematician FLORIAN CAJORI (1859-1930) was one of the world's most distinguished mathematical historians. Appointed to a specially created chair in the history of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley, he also wrote An Introduction to the Theory of Equations, A History of Elementary Mathematics, and The Chequered Career of Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler.



A list of Oughtred's mathematical symbols, with historical notes
Berkeley: University of California press | 1920

archive.org

Outros livros de Florian Cajori on-line em: archive.org

A History of Japanese Mathematics

David E. Smith, Yoshio Mikami

Chicago, The Open court publishing company | 1914

archive.org
libweb.uoregon.edu (PDF)

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The Hindu-arabic numerals

David Eugene Smith , Louis Charles Karpinski

Dover Phoenix Editions | 1911

on-line: digital.library.cornell.edu
gutenberg.org
archive.org

manybooks.net
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Histórias antigas de números

Number stories long ago
David Eugene Smith

Ginn and Company | 1919

archive.org

This reissued resource book, orginally published in 1919, uses a dramatic storytelling technique to capture students' imagination. It includes eight color plates and activities, puzzles, and problems, and makes great supplemental reading for elementary school classes.

Outros livros de David Eugene Smith on-line em:
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History of Modern Mathematics

David Eugene Smith

2006 | 75 páginas

on-line:
archive.org
digital.library.cornell.edu
gutenberg.org (4.ª edição)

Outros livros de David Eugene Smith on-line em:
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Slide Rule

On the history of Gunter's scale and the slide rule during the seventeenth century


Florian Cajori

University of California press | 1920

archive.org

The slide rule, with its many variations, has been vital to mathematics and engineering since its invention in the 17th century. Interest in this field has grown dramatically and collectors can still find much material at affordable prices. Unfortunately there has been little information available except for manufacturers manuals and catalogs, making this reprint of Cajori's classic particularly valuable. Also included with this reprint of the 1910 edition is Cajori's extensive article On the History of Gunter's Scale and the Slide Rule during the 17th Century, published by the University of California in 1920, which sets forth his subsequent findings. There is also a helpful explanatory introduction by Dr. Robert K. Otnes, editor of the Journal of the Oughtred Society. 

Outros livros de Florian Cajori on-line em: archive.org

A History of the Logarithmic Slide Rule and Allied Instruments and on the History of Gunter's Scale and the Slide Rule During the Seventeenth Century
Florian Cajori

Astragal Press | 1994 | PDF | 6 MB | 178 Páginas

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The World of Mathematics

4 Volumes
James R. Newman

 George Allen & Unwin  | 1956 | Djvu | 9 + 7,7 + 24,3 + 23,8 Mb

Vol 1:

online: archive.org
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Vol. 1 of a monumental 4-volume set includes a general survey of mathematics; historical and biographical information on prominent mathematicians throughout history; material on arithmetic, numbers and the art of counting, and the mathematics of space and motion. Includes commentary by noted mathematics scholar James R. Newman. Features numerous figures.

Vol 2:

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pdf | 32,8 Mb
online: archive.org

Vol. 2 of a monumental 4-volume set covers mathematics and the physical world, mathematics and social science, and the laws of chance, with non-technical essays by and about scores of eminent mathematicians, economists, scientists, and others. Individual articles by Galileo Galilei, Gregor Mendel, Thomas Robert Malthus, and many more.  Includes numerous figures.

Vol 3:

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pdf | 30,4 Mb
online: archive.org

Vol. 3 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as statistics and the design of experiments, group theory, the mathematics of infinity, the unreasonableness of mathematics, the vocabulary of mathematics, and mathematics as an art. Includes contributions by Jacob Bernoulli, George Bernard Shaw, Bertrand Russell, Hans Hahn, Ernst Mach, Hermann Weyl, and many others.

Vol 4:

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pdf | 25,1 Mb
online: archive.org

Vol. 4 of a monumental 4-volume set covers such topics as mathematical machines, mathematics in warfare, a mathematical theory of art, mathematics of the good, mathematics in literature, mathematics and music, and amusements, puzzles, and fancies. Individual contributions by A. M. Turing, Aldous Huxley, Sir James Jeans, Lewis Carroll, and other notables.

History of the Theory of Numbers

History of the Theory of Numbers,
Volume I: Divisibility and Primality
Leonard Eugene Dickson

Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington | 1919
on-line: archive.org

Dover P
ublications | 2005 | 512 páginas

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This 1st volume in the series History of the Theory of Numbers presents the material related to the subjects of divisibility and primality. This series is the work of a distinguished mathematician who taught at the University of Chicago for 4 decades and is celebrated for his many contributions to number theory and group theory. 1919 edition.

History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume ll: Diophantine Analysis

Leonard Eugene Dickson

Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington | 1919
on-line: archive.org

Dover Publications | 2005 | 832 páginas| DjVu | 12 Mb

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This 2nd volume in the series History of the Theory of Numbers presents material related to Diophantine Analysis. This series is the work of a distinguished mathematician who taught at the University of Chicago for 4 decades and is celebrated for his many contributions to number theory and group theory.

Numbers, Volume III: Quadratic and Higher Forms

Leonard

Eugene Dickson

Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington | 1919
on-line: archive.org

Dover Publications | 2005 | 320 páginas | DjVu | 3,64 MB


Outros livros do mesmo autor on-line: archive.org