The teaching of statistics

Robert W. Morris

International Conference on Teaching Statistics, n.º 2
Studies in mathematics education. vol. 7.

UNESCO | 1989 | 258 páginas

online: unesdoc.unesco.org

Descrição: This volume examines the teaching of statistics in the whole range of education, but concentrates on primary and secondary schools. It is based upon selected topics from the Second International Congress on Teaching Statistics (ICOTS 2), convened in Canada in August 1986. The contents of this volume divide broadly into four parts: statistics in primary education; statistics in secondary education; theoretical concepts; and two case studies. Part 1 comprises four contributions, three of them based on discovery. The fourth is a comparative study of what is currently taught to children in the age range of 5 to 11 years in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Part 2 provides an account of recent developments in the teaching of statistics in Australia, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. Part 3 of the volume is a collection of four contributions for the consideration of teachers in the collection and representation of data. Two case studies make up Part 4. The first describes the competition for the annual statistics prize in the United Kingdom and the second is a wide-ranging account of the growth of the teaching of probability and statistics in Italian schools. There is also a personal view by Ed Jacobsen called "Why in the World Should We Teach Statistics?" and a history of the teaching of statistics by Maria Gabriella Ottaviani, devoted to the growth of statistics in the universities of Europe and the Americas

Math in Society

David Lippman

DL, LuLu | 2011 | 215 páginas | PDF | 5 Mb

online :  dlippman.imathas.com

depositfiles.com

A survey of math for liberal arts majors. This book is a survey of contemporary mathematical topics: voting theory, weighted voting, fair division, graph theory, scheduling, growth models, finance math, statistics, and historical counting systems. Core material for each topic is covered in the main text, with additional depth available through exploration exercises appropriate for in-class, group, or individual investigation.

The text is designed so that most chapters are independent, allowing the instructor to choose a selection of topics to be covered. 
Emphasis is placed on the applicability of the mathematics. 

Contents
Voting Theory
Weighted Voting
Fair Division
Graph Theory
Scheduling 
Growth Models
Finance 
Statistics
Describing Data by David Lippman, Jeff Eldridge
Historical Counting Systems by Lawrence Morales
Solutions to Selected Exercises

Sorting: Groups and Graphs. Used Numbers. Grades 2-3

Rebecca B. Corwin e Susan Jo Russell

Dale Seymour Publications | 1990 | 132 páginas | PDF | 3,2 Mb

eric.ed.gov (link direto)


4shared.com

A unit of study that introduces sorting and classification as a way of organizing data is presented. Suitable for students in grades 2 and 3, it provides a foundation for further work in statistics and data analysis. The investigations may extend from one to five class sessions and are grouped into three parts: "Introduction to Sorting"; "Sorting and Classifying Data"; and "Projects in Data Analysis." An overview of the investigation, session activities, dialogue boxes, and teacher notes are included in each investigation. The major goals developed in each part of this guide are: (1) examining differences and similarities of objects or data; (2) decision making; (3) using negative information to clarify the definition of a category; (4) making sketches of data; (5) thinking flexibly about the characteristics of data; (6) articulating logical reasoning; (7) constructing categories to describe data; (8) inventing representations of data; (9) building theories about data; (10) collecting and recording survey data; (11) comparing two data sets; and (12) experiencing the phases of a data analysis investigation. Appended are reproducible student materials, including two sets of cards for developing sorting skills.

Measuring: From Paces to Feet. Used Numbers: Real Data in the Classroom. Grades 3-4

Rebecca B. Corwin;  Susan Jo Russell

Addison-Wesley | 1990 | PDF | 2,6 Mb

eric.ed.gov (link direto)

4shared.com

A unit of study that introduces measuring as a way of collecting data is presented. Suitable for students in grades 3 and 4, it provides a foundation for further work in statistics and data analysis. The investigations may extend from one to four class sessions and are grouped into three parts: "Introduction to Measurement"; "Using Standard Measures"; and "A Project in Data Analysis." An overview of the investigation, session activities, dialogue boxes, and teacher notes are included in each investigation. The major goals developed in each part of this guide are: (1) moving through space and counting the movements; (2) comparing units of measure; (3) estimating distances; (4) defining a measurement method; (5) writing directions involving distances; (6) recording and displaying the results of measurement; (7) experiencing a need to standardize; (8) understanding that standard measures were invented to solve real data collection problems; (9) estimating lengths; (10) measuring accurately, using feet and inches; (11) describing the shape of the data; (12) analyzing data through landmarks and features of the data; (13) using standard measures to compare data sets; and (14) experiencing all the phases of a data analysis investigation in which measuring is used to collect data. Seven student sheets are attached.

Statistics: The Shape of the Data. Used Numbers: Real Data in the Classroom. Grades 4-6.

Susan Jo Russell e Rebecca B. Corwin

Pearson Learning | 1989| 88 páginas | PDF | 2,4 Mb

eric.ed.gov (link direto)

4shared.com

A unit of study that introduces collecting, representing, describing, and interpreting data is presented. Suitable for students in grades 4 through 6, it provides a foundation for further work in statistics and data analysis. The investigations may extend from one to four class sessions and are grouped into three parts: "Introduction to Data Analysis"; "Learning About Landmarks in the Data"; and "A Project in Data Analysis." An overview of the investigation, session activities, dialogue boxes, and teacher notes are included in each investigation. The major goals developed in each part of this guide are: (1) describing the shape of the data; (2) defining the way data will be collected; (3) summarizing what is typical of the data; (4) making quick sketches of the data; (5) inventing ways to compare two sets of data; (6) representing data first through sketches, then through a presentation graph or chart; (7) using the median as a landmark in the data; (8) understanding that the median is only one landmark in the data; and (9) experiencing all the stages of a data analysis investigation. Attached are 10 student sheets

The Mathematical Theory of Elections

Joseph Malkevitch


COMAP, Inc. | 1999 |  68 páginas | PDF


online: prof2000.pt
semmathmodeling.wikispaces.com


This module illustrates how mathematics can design and analyze election and ranking methods. Preference schedules, fairness criteria, and weighted voting all demonstrate that how votes are counted can affect the outcome of an election. HiMAP Module 1.

Table of Contents:

SECTION 1: SOME ELECTIONS RESULTS

SECTION 2: TYPES OF BALLOTS

SECTION 3: ELECTION METHODS

SECTION 4: ARROW'S THEOREM

SECTION 5: PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

SECTION 6: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

REFERENCES

GLOSSARY

Statistics: A Guide To The Unknown

Judith M. Tanur

1972 | djvu

online: archive.org

This collection of intriguing essays describes important applications of statistics and probability in many fields. Instead of teaching methods, the essays illustrate past accomplishments and current uses of statistics and probability. Surveys, questionnaires, experiments, and observational studies are also presented to help the student better understand the importance of the influence of statistics on each topic covered within the separate essays.

Probability and Statistics Professional Development Module for Elementary/Middle School Teachers:

A Staff Development Training Program to Implement the Virginia Standards of Learning The module is ritten by the Virginia Department of Education.

on-line: doe.virginia.gov

Descrição: This document introduces a staff development program designed to assist teachers in implementing the 2001 Virginia Standards of Learning for mathematics, and enhancing teachers’ content knowledge and their use of instructional strategies for teaching the probability and statistics Standards of Learning. Included in this document are a sample of meaningful and engaging explorations, problem solving, and hands-on experiences correlated to the probability and statistics strand of the grades K-5 and grades 6-8. These activities include instructional and implementation strategies for teachers, as well as training in ways to gather, represent, analyze and interpret data to guide instruction and classroom assessment.

Chance, Luck, and Statistics

Horace C. Levinson

Dover Publications | 2001 | 384 páginas | PDF | 12 Mb

on-line: dspace.ucalgary.ca

Descrição: In simple, nontechnical language, this volume explores the fundamentals governing chance and applies them to sports, government, business, and other fields. Part I concerns the theory of probability in relation to superstitions, fallacies, and betting odds. Part II applies probability theory to statistics, including its relevance to warfare, sports, social problems, stocks, and other areas. "The style is clear and lively. The treatment ... is remarkably accurate. In short, it is a good book."--Scientific Monthly.

How to Lie With Statistics

Penguin Books | 1973 | pdf | 7,4 Mb

online: archive.org

Darrell Huff, Irving Geis

W. W. Norton & Company | 1993 | 142 páginas | Djvu | 1,7 Mb

"There is terror in numbers," writes Darrell Huff in How to Lie with Statistics. And nowhere does this terror translate to blind acceptance of authority more than in the slippery world of averages, correlations, graphs, and trends. Huff sought to break through "the daze that follows the collision of statistics with the human mind" with this slim volume, first published in 1954. The book remains relevant as a wake-up call for people unaccustomed to examining the endless flow of numbers pouring from Wall Street, Madison Avenue, and everywhere else someone has an axe to grind, a point to prove, or a product to sell. "The secret language of statistics, so appealing in a fact-minded culture, is employed to sensationalize, inflate, confuse, and oversimplify," warns Huff.

Although many of the examples used in the book are charmingly dated, the cautions are timeless. Statistics are rife with opportunities for misuse, from "gee-whiz graphs" that add nonexistent drama to trends, to "results" detached from their method and meaning, to statistics' ultimate bugaboo--faulty cause-and-effect reasoning. Huff's tone is tolerant and amused, but no-nonsense. Like a lecturing father, he expects you to learn something useful from the book, and start applying it every day. Never be a sucker again, he cries!

Even if you can't find a source of demonstrable bias, allow yourself some degree of skepticism about the results as long as there is a possibility of bias somewhere. There always is.

Read How to Lie with Statistics. Whether you encounter statistics at work, at school, or in advertising, you'll remember its simple lessons. Don't be terrorized by numbers, Huff implores. "The fact is that, despite its mathematical base, statistics is as much an art as it is a science." --Therese Littleton

How to Lie With Statistics
Darrell Huff, Irving Geis

W. W. Norton | 1954 | 144 páginas

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